Chicago school of architecture

CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

It refers to either the architects who were working in chicago or the buildings constructed during that time.

1871 Disastrous fire , in chicago , experienced a massive boom in new housing , warehouses n commercial buildings , this led to the development of the skyscrapers

BEGAN- 1885 (popularly)

DURATION -1875 -1910

EMPHASIS - On simplicity of design 

                      (became forerunner of modernism)

FEATURES - Chicago Window 

                      one of the famous element

                      central pane fixed  - wide

                      either side movable sash windows - narrow
                   - Elevators

                      taller buildings were possible by safety elevators 

                      Illions were first to exploit it

ARCHITECTS William Le Barron Jenny

                         Daniel Burnham

                         Louis Sullivan ......

New form of architecture practiced by them came to be known as "Commercial Style"

CABINET ON STAND (CONTADOR)

CABINET ON STAND (CONTADOR)

TYPE - Object (Cabinet)

STYLE – Indo portugse

DISCRIPTION - Large multiple drawer cabinet

                        - mounted on stand 

                        - patterns of stars & intersecting circles

FEATURES - DISTINCTIVE

                    -Scrolling legs

                      (inlaid with bird forms)

            INDIAN influence

                    -Nagas/naginis

                      (Hindu snakes are considered auspicious &                                   believed to provide protection)

                    -Birds

                      (jatayu , king of vultures, central character of                                 Ramayana)

            

                    EUROPEAN most common  influence

                    -Atlantes (male supporting heavy burden)

                     (They were used in columns n now as supports in cabinet)

                    -Brass

                      (cast mount decoration)

                    -PORTUGESE influence

                    -Triangles

                     (repeating designs of triangles)

                    -Marquetry

                     (seaweed named after interlacing  designs & dense arabesques)

            

                    -DUTCH influence

                    -Turn element

                      (this flemish decorative element)

Music College Vadodara

Anglo Vernacular Boys School / Music College

ARCHITECT -Robert Chisholm

BEGAN-1886

LOCATION -Vadodara , Gujarat.

                   - in the heart of the city opposite an Urban-civic water body Sursagar.

HEIGHT -2 Storey 

INSPIRED -by the roof-scape of the Padmanabhapuram palace- which Chisholm had studied in great detail characterizes the architectural language of this work. The Roofline with the small tower — are the signatures of this building.

 MATERIAL -Building is finished in exposed brick while the roof elements & corridors are of wood work. 

The MS University's faculty of Performing Arts occupies this building today & it is a major urban landmark in the inner city. 

Expressionism in architecture

EXPRESSIONISM

AIM - to achieve the highest expression intensity both from the aesthetic and human critics point of view

BEGAN - Europe (20th century)

COINED / PIONEERS - Max berg & Haur Poelzing 

DRAWBACKS - Economic conditions (resulting many works on paper only)

CHARACTERISTICS

FORMS often sculptural, sometimes irrational, usually personal and idiosyncratic.

FEATURES/ ELEMENTS are applied in vivid, jarring, violent or dynamic way

MATERIAL thematic (bricks, steel, glass...)

COLORS sharply contrasting, often vivid

CONCEPT of natural phenomena

             

             -hybrid solution, not just single concept

EXAMPLE

Einstein Tower - Eric Mendelson 

Glass Pavillion - Bruno Taut

many others.....

Art & Craft Movement in Architecture

ART & CRAFT MOVEMENT 

AIM - Stood for traditional craftmanship 

        - Opposition against mass production of industrial revolution

        

BEGAN - 1860-1910

COINED/ LED BY -William Morris

DEVELOPED - Europe & North America 

EVOLUTION - From writings of John Ruskin & Augustus Pugin

CHARACTERISTICS

• PLAN TYPE -open floor plans
• ROOF-Low-pitched 
• RAFTERS -exposed
• BRACKETS -triangular 
• COLUMNS- thick
                  -square or round  (at entrance porch)
•                 -stone
• CHIMMENY -stone
• WINDOWS -numerous
                    -stained or leaded glass
• MATERIALS -Wood, stone, or stucco 

Art Deco Architecture

ART DECO 

AIM - Combined art motifs & machine age imagery & materials

BEGAN - France  ( after world war I )

COINED - 'ART DECO' by Le Corbusier

DEVELOPED - (Internationally) 1930 

EMPHASIZED - modernity , latest industrial materials & techniques . 



CHARACTERISTICS 

SYMMETRY in elements.

SHAPES geometric & angular ( sphere,polygon,rectangle,trapezoid,zgzag,etc)

CONCEPTS of stylised images of aeroplanes , cars , etc.

COLORS vivd & high contrast

MOTIFS (natural) shell , sunrise , flowers , etc.

MATERIALS chrome, glass , shinny fabrics , mirror tiles , aluminium , steel , etc.



EXAMPLE

CHRYSLER  BUILDING  (NY)  WILLAM VAN ALLEN

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING (NY)  SHREVE , LAMB & HARMON

BUFFALO CITY HALL (NY)  DIETEL , WADE & JONES.

GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE (CALIFORNIA)  JOSEPH STRAUS

NEW INDIA ASSURANCE BUILDING (MUMBAI)  MASTER , SARHE & BHUTA