Chicago school of architecture

CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

It refers to either the architects who were working in chicago or the buildings constructed during that time.

1871 Disastrous fire , in chicago , experienced a massive boom in new housing , warehouses n commercial buildings , this led to the development of the skyscrapers

BEGAN- 1885 (popularly)

DURATION -1875 -1910

EMPHASIS - On simplicity of design 

                      (became forerunner of modernism)

FEATURES - Chicago Window 

                      one of the famous element

                      central pane fixed  - wide

                      either side movable sash windows - narrow
                   - Elevators

                      taller buildings were possible by safety elevators 

                      Illions were first to exploit it

ARCHITECTS William Le Barron Jenny

                         Daniel Burnham

                         Louis Sullivan ......

New form of architecture practiced by them came to be known as "Commercial Style"

MSU Baroda College

Baroda College

 This Building is the most ambitious project of Chisholm in Baroda & one of the finest buildings constructed in India during this period of the 19th century- both in the territory of British India or the Princely States of so called Native India, Note that the scale of this building the technological design of its dome is very sophisticated. It clearly delineates that Chisholm wanted to design a building that would  become a centre-piece of the architecture of Baroda State. Note that Baroda was a City- State & its territory was a region almost 30% of present day Gujarat. It is this vast territory — which this building seems to address. Chisholm s structural engineering of the Dome is the most striking aspect of this building.

DATE- 1887

DOME - 45 mt span of the dome

            -twin-dome structure where in 16 ribs created between the inner & outer dome- become the key skeletal members 

            - twin domes system also enables the natural ventilation of the dome & details of apertures in the dome have been cleverly worked out to exit rain- water etc.

            - 6 other domes in this building in the 2 wings that define courtyards etc. 

PLINTH - 4-5 metres completely changing the urban scale in the setting.

                                               

MINIATURE BUREAU CABINET

MINIATURE BUREAU CABINET

TYPE – Object / cabinet

STYLE – Indo euro

DISCRIPTION -Scaled down version of English Bureau Cabinet

                        -upper part is divided into 3 parts

                        -upper central part has 4 drawers

USE – For writing & storing documents & papers

MATERIALS – Ivory ,sandalwood

FEATURES  INDIAN influence

                     -Bracket feet

                      (decorated with animal masks)

                     -Floral patterns

                       (from vizigapatam)

                   EUROPEAN influence

                    -Pediment

                     (broken n optional)

                    -Engraving

                     (horizontal spaces with rows of fantastic                                 buildings , pavillions , fence;

                      vertical space in 2 tiers ,1st of trees & 2nd                       of buildings)

                    -Veneering

                    (ivory veneered on sandalwood carcass)

                    -Decoration

                    (depicting pavilions & landscapes of dutch  & english engraving)

Art Deco Architecture

ART DECO 

AIM - Combined art motifs & machine age imagery & materials

BEGAN - France  ( after world war I )

COINED - 'ART DECO' by Le Corbusier

DEVELOPED - (Internationally) 1930 

EMPHASIZED - modernity , latest industrial materials & techniques . 



CHARACTERISTICS 

SYMMETRY in elements.

SHAPES geometric & angular ( sphere,polygon,rectangle,trapezoid,zgzag,etc)

CONCEPTS of stylised images of aeroplanes , cars , etc.

COLORS vivd & high contrast

MOTIFS (natural) shell , sunrise , flowers , etc.

MATERIALS chrome, glass , shinny fabrics , mirror tiles , aluminium , steel , etc.



EXAMPLE

CHRYSLER  BUILDING  (NY)  WILLAM VAN ALLEN

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING (NY)  SHREVE , LAMB & HARMON

BUFFALO CITY HALL (NY)  DIETEL , WADE & JONES.

GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE (CALIFORNIA)  JOSEPH STRAUS

NEW INDIA ASSURANCE BUILDING (MUMBAI)  MASTER , SARHE & BHUTA