Chicago school of architecture

CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

It refers to either the architects who were working in chicago or the buildings constructed during that time.

1871 Disastrous fire , in chicago , experienced a massive boom in new housing , warehouses n commercial buildings , this led to the development of the skyscrapers

BEGAN- 1885 (popularly)

DURATION -1875 -1910

EMPHASIS - On simplicity of design 

                      (became forerunner of modernism)

FEATURES - Chicago Window 

                      one of the famous element

                      central pane fixed  - wide

                      either side movable sash windows - narrow
                   - Elevators

                      taller buildings were possible by safety elevators 

                      Illions were first to exploit it

ARCHITECTS William Le Barron Jenny

                         Daniel Burnham

                         Louis Sullivan ......

New form of architecture practiced by them came to be known as "Commercial Style"

CABINET ON STAND (CONTADOR)

CABINET ON STAND (CONTADOR)

TYPE - Object (Cabinet)

STYLE – Indo portugse

DISCRIPTION - Large multiple drawer cabinet

                        - mounted on stand 

                        - patterns of stars & intersecting circles

FEATURES - DISTINCTIVE

                    -Scrolling legs

                      (inlaid with bird forms)

            INDIAN influence

                    -Nagas/naginis

                      (Hindu snakes are considered auspicious &                                   believed to provide protection)

                    -Birds

                      (jatayu , king of vultures, central character of                                 Ramayana)

            

                    EUROPEAN most common  influence

                    -Atlantes (male supporting heavy burden)

                     (They were used in columns n now as supports in cabinet)

                    -Brass

                      (cast mount decoration)

                    -PORTUGESE influence

                    -Triangles

                     (repeating designs of triangles)

                    -Marquetry

                     (seaweed named after interlacing  designs & dense arabesques)

            

                    -DUTCH influence

                    -Turn element

                      (this flemish decorative element)

Music College Vadodara

Anglo Vernacular Boys School / Music College

ARCHITECT -Robert Chisholm

BEGAN-1886

LOCATION -Vadodara , Gujarat.

                   - in the heart of the city opposite an Urban-civic water body Sursagar.

HEIGHT -2 Storey 

INSPIRED -by the roof-scape of the Padmanabhapuram palace- which Chisholm had studied in great detail characterizes the architectural language of this work. The Roofline with the small tower — are the signatures of this building.

 MATERIAL -Building is finished in exposed brick while the roof elements & corridors are of wood work. 

The MS University's faculty of Performing Arts occupies this building today & it is a major urban landmark in the inner city. 

Robert chisholm

Robert Fellowes Chilsholm (1840-1915)

1840 - Chisholm was born in London & had his early education in the United Kingdom.

1865- Robert  Chisholm  was the head of the Madras School of Industrial design.

He was one of the most versatile & distinguished architect of Britih India, At the turn of the century he became a leading pioneer & practitioner of the so called Indo-saracenid architectural design idiom. 

Initially, constructed buildings in the Renaissance and Gothic styles of architecture.

His key issue was the support to local workmanship/ local crafts etc which his buildings became vehicles of Expressing the same.

He was the Chief Architect in Madras presidency during the time in which he was called up on by Sir  Madhav Pao care taker governor of Sayaji Rao III of Baroda State & commissioned to design some of the most important urban edifices.sir Madhav Rao believed that there was nobody in India at that time as distinguished as Robert Chisholm- to prepare designs combining Oriental & European architecture)

1871 -The revenue board building in the Chepauk Palace complex.
1865 -Lawrence Asylum buildings,Napier Museum Trivandrum,
1867–70 -Presidency College, Madras
1874–79-Senate buildings of the University of Madras ,
1875–84-Offices of the P. Orr & Sons and the Post and Telegraph Office  
1872 -Chisholm also enlarged and constructed a pavilion at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium. Chisholm was appointed Consulting Architect to the Government of Madras and served from 1872 to 1886.

His best known London building is the Cadogan Hall near Sloane Square.

1888 -Robert Chisholm delivered a lecture at RIBA on the architectural & construction technology of this building 6 especially the dome, This was subsequently published in the RIBA journal- JRIBA 


1896 -Chisholm delivered a lecture at RIBA on the style & other details pertaining to laxmi vilas palace. 

As as starter Robert Chisholm was commissioned to design the Baroda College Building & to continue & complete the Laxmi Vilas palace started with Major Mant- along with several wailer projects of schools etc.

1900 -He eventually designed most of the key buildings of the city viz the Nyay Mandir- which was as a short listed competition, the Music College Building & an array of buildings culminating with the Museum Building in the Public Park  &  khandearo Market. 


CHARACTERISTICS

- His buildings clearly addressed the climate & environment issue.

- Chisholm's Designs are also Technologically advanced

- He pioneered the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture in India,so his building have general characteristics such as :-

• DOME -onion (bulbous) 
             -many miniature domes
             -kiosks
             -chhatris
• ARCHES -pointed , cusped , or scalloped 
                 -pierced 
• ROOF -vaulted 
            -Bangala roofs
• EAVES -overhanging 
• PINNACLES
• TOWERS 
• WINDOWS
• COURTYARDS

BEST BUILDINGS

Cadogan Hall
Victoria Public Hall
Lawrence Asylum,
Madras Post & Telegraph Office
Napier Museum Robert Chisholm,
Senate House, Madras

Laxmi Villas, vadodara (left side)

Art Deco Architecture

ART DECO 

AIM - Combined art motifs & machine age imagery & materials

BEGAN - France  ( after world war I )

COINED - 'ART DECO' by Le Corbusier

DEVELOPED - (Internationally) 1930 

EMPHASIZED - modernity , latest industrial materials & techniques . 



CHARACTERISTICS 

SYMMETRY in elements.

SHAPES geometric & angular ( sphere,polygon,rectangle,trapezoid,zgzag,etc)

CONCEPTS of stylised images of aeroplanes , cars , etc.

COLORS vivd & high contrast

MOTIFS (natural) shell , sunrise , flowers , etc.

MATERIALS chrome, glass , shinny fabrics , mirror tiles , aluminium , steel , etc.



EXAMPLE

CHRYSLER  BUILDING  (NY)  WILLAM VAN ALLEN

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING (NY)  SHREVE , LAMB & HARMON

BUFFALO CITY HALL (NY)  DIETEL , WADE & JONES.

GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE (CALIFORNIA)  JOSEPH STRAUS

NEW INDIA ASSURANCE BUILDING (MUMBAI)  MASTER , SARHE & BHUTA